The four leading Saudi Professional League clubs have recorded combined losses of €1.04bn since the summer transfer window of 2022, according to a global study by CIES Football Observatory.
The Switzerland-based research centre, which analyses worldwide statistics, market data, transfers and player performance, examined the financial position of the four clubs.
Al-Hilal recorded the largest overall deficit, at €502m. That figure comprises €315m from the difference between spending on player purchases and income from sales, while a further €187m reflects the depreciation of the club’s current squad.
The scale of the losses places four Saudi Professional League sides among the top six clubs in the world for financial deficits over the period.
Al-Nassr are third in the ranking, with a deficit of €229m. Al-Ittihad are fifth on €175m, while Al-Ahli complete the top six with losses of €134m.
The other two clubs in the six highest positions are from the English Premier League.
Manchester United are second, having recorded losses of €405m, while Tottenham are fourth with a deficit of €188m.